Today's domestic logistics is inefficient, and the inherent “one car, one hanging” form largely limits the efficiency. The promotion of squatting transportation adopts the form of “one car and multiple hangs”, which can achieve the effect of fast-moving logistics with people stopping, improve vehicle utilization, and improve logistics efficiency.
● The application of 甩 运输 运输 运输 国内外 运输 运输 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 在 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 运输 驼 驼 驼 驼 驼 驼 驼 驼 驼Almost all large-scale enterprises adopt the squatting transportation mode, and the goods transported by squatting account for 70-80% of the total turnover of the goods.
The characteristics of transport vehicles in developed countries are high in the proportion of semi-trailers. The state has policy incentives for the development of squatting transport, mainly using the distribution and transportation from warehouses to ports, warehouses to cargo terminals or yards.
In the United States, the transportation equipment of the slings is mainly vans, and the hoisting and transportation of less-than-truck goods is different from that of China. The number and sales of van semi-trailers account for about 70% of all types of trailers. Among them, the longest proportion is that the long-headed 6×4 tractor matches the 2-axis van semi-trailer, accounting for about 90% of the van semi-trailer.
The annual demand for van semi-trailers is about 200,000 to 250,000. Currently, the ratio of tractors to semi-trailers in the United States is approximately 1:3. The goods in the van can be pre-loaded by the sorting center, and then the tractor is towed to the next transfer station to remove the box. The whole process is supervised by a complete information system.
Australia's characteristics in the transportation of slings are "road trains", that is, a tractor towing multiple trailers, which can tow three to six cars, with a total length of more than 40 meters, and is mostly used for ore transportation activities in western Australia. The mode of multi-pushing is very rare in China. Due to policy reasons, such transportation modes are not in compliance with road regulations in China. Therefore, the situation that one tractor pulls multiple trailers is only seen in the container transshipment service inside some large ports. .
European regulations also allow for a two-vehicle transport mode with a total length of more than 20 meters and a soft-seat semi-trailer. The number of van semi-trailers and sales account for more than 70% of all trailers. Among them, the largest proportion is the 4×2 tractor matching the 3-axis van semi-trailer.
The so-called "container truck" in Hong Kong is a container tractor. It is customary to refer to tractors and semi-trailers as tractors and trailers. The tractors are usually the mainstream brands in Europe and Japan, while the trailers are basically three-axis trailers. And most of them are domestic products. The ratio of tractors to trailers in Hong Kong is around 1 to 2. This ratio fully demonstrates that the use of transport in Hong Kong is also very extensive. Hong Kong's rigorous vehicle management regulations and sound vehicle review system ensure the healthy development of the container transportation industry.
● Domestic development and policy support The emergence of domestic transportation is based on the popularity of container transportation in the 1980s. Due to various restrictions and environmental constraints, there are not many enterprises that have the ability and interest to carry out transportation. The promotion and development of squatting transportation is slow.
The real domestic policy support for squatting transportation began in the late 1990s. On July 22, 1996, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Communications jointly issued the "Notice on Carrying out Container Tractor Hanging Transportation" (National Economic and Trade Transportation [ 1996] No. 493), clearly encouraged enterprises to carry out the transportation of container tractors, and the traffic control department to release the licenses for the trailers and the annual inspections.
In 2001, the Ministry of Communications will write about the improvement of transportation efficiency and the development of semi-trailer in the Outline of Development Plan for Road Transportation Enterprises. For the first time, the structure of the vehicle has been clearly stipulated and related preferential policies have been provided. For semi-trailers. The policy concessions allow the transportation carrier to be further developed in China. By 2008, the State Council clearly called for the improvement of the semi-trailer license management and insurance system in the "Notice on Further Strengthening Fuel-Saving and Power Saving Work". Encourage the development of transport. The Ministry of Transport carried out pilot work to guide and promote the development of the nationwide transportation industry.
In 2009, the Ministry of Transport, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued a notice to promote the development of transportation, and proposed a policy and management system to create a good development environment for transportation.
In this notice, the inspection and insurance regulations for trailers have been greatly relaxed, the standardization of vehicle equipment has been promoted, and the customs supervision system for vehicles has been improved. The actual problems that enterprises and car owners are most concerned about for toll collection and document management have also been clearly defined. The remaining trailers that exceed the number of tractors are no longer levied in the annual ticket area. This notice also mentions the improvement of the station facilities and the construction of the hub, which greatly promotes the seamless connection and transit efficiency of multimodal transport.
In 2010, the “Notice on the Implementation Plan for Printing and Distributing the Pilot Work of Pilot Transport” was issued, and the previous document was embodied. The conditions and pilot scope of the pilot project and the support policies were given. Really let the domestic logistics enter the era of transportation, and let more domestic logistics licenses understand that the development of transportation is the trend of the domestic logistics industry.
From the concept of hanging transportation in 1996, until the joint notice of the five ministries in 2009, China's hanging transportation industry is still developing slowly, and it is only used in some large coastal ports and enterprises. Until 2007, the proportion of tractors and trailers nationwide was only 1:1.3, and the mode of transportation was basically based on one car and one trailer.
And across the country, the development of squatting transport presents an imbalance of things. In the southeast coastal cities such as Xiamen, Shenzhen and other cities, the proportion of tractors and trailers has reached or exceeded 1:3, while in the port area, the ratio of tractors and trailers can reach 1:6, indicating that the domestic transportation business is It started late and developed slowly, but it has already been used in coastal areas such as the coastal areas.
● Current problems in sling transportation 1. Vehicle use 1. Technical constraints. The domestic heavy-duty truck market is mixed, the manufacturing threshold is low, and the hanging transport requires the tractor and the trailer to be frequently picked up. This requirement is high for vehicle standardization, but there is no technical standard for the saddle part, and some trailers and traction. There is no match between the cars.
For example, the size of the traction pin is 50 and 90. If the tractor saddle is not in conformity, it will lead to the phenomenon of hanging up, which restricts the sharing of trailers between enterprises and a wide range of hanging operations. From the Ministry of Transport's implementation of the fuel consumption standard vehicle model announcement and road transport vehicle model verification statistics, the tractors that have been released in the 17 batches of the standard models have 48 production enterprises, 717 models and 2,295 configurations.
2. Trailer management. There is no separate compulsory retirement requirement for trailers in China, so it is managed according to the mandatory use period of the tractor for 15 years. The actual use of the trailers makes the actual mileage of the trailers much smaller than that of the tractors. It is obviously unreasonable to implement the mandatory scrapping standards for the same number of years. However, the notices of the five departments described above have been issued so far, and some areas have not been fully implemented. In particular, the management of the traffic management department is still confusing.
II. Market Management Most of China's freight transport enterprises are small in scale, and the phenomenon of bicycle individual business is common. The average number of trucks owned by transport enterprises is only 1.3. The capacity of the dispersed market is highly competitive. Many individual car owners are mainly engaged in “bulk goods” in their operations. The instability of the supply makes small-scale operators not choose to operate trailers. The large-scale logistics and transportation companies' squatting transportation operations are mostly two-pointed, and the proportion of carrying out more efficient multi-point hangs is small.
Third, the market management aspect of the transportation operation, the larger the transportation scale, the better the effect, and the large-scale logistics management must have information management for the fleet. The actual monitoring and dispatching of the vehicle is also related to the actual effect of the transportation. Significant influence. If the transportation enterprise cannot achieve intensification and networking in the transportation organization, it will not be able to solve the problem of low management efficiency. The establishment of a sound vehicle information monitoring and publishing platform often requires a lot of investment, and the company that can be realized needs to have the scale and strength of the smile, which also raises the threshold for smaller companies to enter the transportation market.
Fourth, the supporting facilities and equipment to carry out the transport of the need to meet the operating standards of the station, can provide picking, parking, loading and unloading and other process services. The length of the hanging vehicle is close to 20 meters. The station must have enough space to meet the basic operations such as vehicle entry and U-turn. The construction of the station requires sufficient financial support, and the operation and management of the station also requires professional operators to achieve.

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