1 Development features of modern meters With the rapid development of computers, microelectronics and other technologies, the development of various kinds of coal quality instruments and meters is extremely rapid. Looking at the development of coal analysis instruments at home and abroad, it has the following characteristics:

(1) The technical indicators of coal quality analysis equipment have been continuously improved. Faster, higher, and stronger are the constant pursuit of instruments and meters. With regard to the instrument's voltage measurement control range, the monitoring and control range of modern coal quality analytical instruments can reach nanovolts to 1 million volts; in terms of measurement accuracy, industrial parameter measurements have been increased to zero.

Above 02, the aerospace parameter measurement is even higher than 0.05, and the accuracy of measurement and the accuracy achieved by scientific instruments are advancing with the times.

In terms of improving the reliability of coal quality inspection instrumentation, the general requirement is 250,000 hours, and the higher ones are required to be reliable for 250,000 hours. From the above data, it can be seen that the technical indicators of coal analysis equipment instrumentation are being continuously improved.

(2) High-tech is constantly being used to improve its workmanship, and it must first sharpen its tools. New scientific research results and the adoption of a large number of high-tech technologies have made modern instruments and meters not only themselves in the ranks of high-tech products, but also make use of new principles and concepts. New devices and systems for the integration of new scientific and technological achievements, new technologies, new materials, and new processes are also emerging.

(3) The scope of measurement and control has been extended to three-dimensional and globalized, and the control method has been systematically and network-based. Along with the measurement and control of measurement and control instruments and meters, the area has been continuously developed to three-dimensional, global, and even planetary, with instrumentation and measurement and control devices Instead of being in the form of a single device, it is moving towards the systematization and networking of measurement and control devices. For example, in the measurement and control systems of some large-scale hydropower stations, there are as many as thousands of sensors that only measure the safety of dams. In addition, the detection and control points for the state and water level of each generator unit are more than 10,000, and it is necessary to ensure the For normal power generation and power transmission, the measurement and control devices at each measurement and control point must form a networked structure and an organic measurement and control network system. For a sophisticated field such as a satellite monitoring system, the number of sensors and the configuration of the measurement and control device are more systematic and networked.

(4) The software function of hardware functions and the development of functions towards the direction of intelligence With the development of microelectronics technology, microprocessors have become faster and faster, and their prices are getting lower and lower. Currently, they have been widely used in instrumentation. This makes some real-time requirements very high. The functions that can only be completed by the hardware can now be achieved through software methods. Even many of the problems that were originally difficult to solve with a hardware circuit or that cannot be solved at all can also be solved with software technology. In particular, the development of digital signal processing technology and the widespread adoption of high-speed digital signal processors have greatly enhanced the signal processing capabilities of the instrument.

With the development of micro-control technology and embedded technology, and the adoption of information technologies such as a large number of new sensors, large-scale and ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, computers, and expert systems in measurement and control instrumentation, instrumentation continues to be miniaturized and intelligent. The direction of development, for example, with the development of various field-programmable devices and on-line programming techniques, the parameters and even the structure of the instrument and meter do not have to be determined at design time, but can be placed and dynamically modified in real-time on the field where the instrument is used. That is, coal quality instrumentation is no longer a single function, the structure is fixed, but more and more show flexibility and intelligence, adaptability will be stronger and stronger, and functions are more and more abundant. From the current chip-type instrumentation, chip labs, etc., the miniaturization and intelligence of a single device will be a long-term trend.

(5) Generalization of Hardware Platforms Modern instrumentation is increasingly emphasizing the role of software. On a common hardware platform, various software or functions are used to extend or compose instruments or systems of various functions.

Usually an instrument can be roughly decomposed into three components: data acquisition; data analysis and processing; storage, display, or output. The traditional instruments are built by the manufacturer according to the different functions of the instrument in a fixed manner. The structure is fixed and the function is only one or several kinds. Modern and increasing instruments consist of one or more of the above functions. The common hardware module consists of different softwares that can be used to compose instruments of different functions.

(6) Micro, portable, integrated, and personalized instrumentation are emerging in large-scale development of integrated processes, making integrated circuits more and more dense, smaller and smaller, more and more complex internal structures, and more functional The more powerful it is, the more integrated the instrumentation is. In addition, the modular functional hardware makes instrumentation more flexible, and the composition of the instrument hardware is more concise, and the functionality can be expanded flexibly as needed.

With the development of production and improvement of living standards, people are increasingly concerned about their own quality of life and health standards. Various types of products, food quality instruments and meters closely related to people’s lives are detected, and various medical instruments for preventing and treating diseases are also developed. An important trend of development.

The on-site and real-time online testing equipment, especially the health conditions and disease warning instruments used by families and individuals, will have greater development.

2 The direction of future development of modern instruments Looking at the above-mentioned development characteristics and trends of modern instruments, various types of instruments and meters have shown different development directions while developing according to the above characteristics, and will develop in the following directions in the future:

(1) The development focus of industrial automation instrument will be the main control system device and intelligent instrument, special and special automation instrument based on field bus technology. In the past, the work that required multiple transmitters and multiple task systems to be completed together was completed by an intelligent instrument, and it had various intelligent functions such as self-diagnosis, self-correction, and automatic maintenance. In addition, with the rapid development of digital processing technology, and the improvement of control speed and accuracy required by industrial on-site processing, the application of digital technology in industrial instrumentation has become increasingly widespread, and the digital, intelligent, and networked process of industrial instrumentation has been promoted. In the future, the transformation of automatic control instruments from analog to digital technology will be gradually completed.

(2) Electrical instrumentation Electrical instrumentation is the general term for the technical tools needed to implement electromagnetic measurements. According to different measurement objects can be divided into ammeter, voltmeter, power meter, power meter, ohm meter and so on. The working principle of this type of instrument is mostly based on the principle of magnetoelectric conversion, and it has been developed relatively well. In the future, it will further enhance its functions from long-life, digital and portable and low energy consumption of the instrument. In addition, some special-purpose power measurement The development of instrumentation and grid metering automation management systems will also make the use and management of these instruments more convenient.

(3) In the face of resource shortages, water resources crisis, and harsh ecological environment, scientific testing instruments, especially coal quality analysis instruments, must strengthen life sciences, food safety, environmental protection, and public safety (including Anti-terrorism, anti-drug), commercial quality inspection, clinical medicine, medical science and other fields of research and development, therefore, the development of scientific test equipment will mainly meet the future needs of these areas, and future development will focus on the above areas and continue to emerge. Process analysis instruments, environmental monitoring instruments, industrial furnace energy-saving analysis instruments and industrial, automotive emission detectors, geodetic instruments, electronic speed measuring instrument, measuring global positioning system and other experimental machines, laboratory instruments and other new products.

(4) All kinds of special instruments These instruments refer to special instruments used in various fields such as environment, agriculture, meteorology, hydrology, geology, ocean, nuclear industry, aerospace and aerospace. These instruments have different development trends according to the different fields in which they are located. This article only gives a brief explanation of the development direction of environmental instrumentation and analytical chemistry instruments. Environmental protection instrumentation: With the lack of global water resources and the deterioration of human ecological environment, the international community and our country have increasingly focused on strengthening the protection of the living environment. Among them, the environmental monitoring of the atmospheric environment, water environment and soil environment is heavy. In the middle, therefore, the corresponding environmental protection automated detection and control instrumentation is the key direction for future development; the analytical chemistry instrument: the breakthrough of analytical chemistry will promote the substantial development of the life sciences, environmental sciences, new material sciences and the pharmaceutical industry. The level greatly influences international trade, medicine and food safety and the establishment of standards. Analysis and testing have a direct impact on the quality of industrial production process control and products, and can stimulate the development of the national economy from many aspects. This is a testimony of experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

With the development of life, environment, new materials science, and the introduction of computers, optics, micro-processing, data processing, and simulation technologies, analytical chemistry has entered a new phase. However, there is still a large gap between the international level and the overall level, especially in the research and application of new technologies, new methods and new instruments. Future directions that should be focused on include: high-throughput analysis, which can analyze and test a large number of samples in a unit of time; analysis of extreme conditions, where single-molecule single-cell analysis and manipulation are currently hot topics; online, real-time, on-site or original Bit analysis, that is, from sample collection to data output, enables fast or one-stop analysis; coupled technologies, that is, two (or more) analysis technologies are connected and complement each other to complete more complex analysis tasks.

(5) Medical instruments: With the advancement of advanced technology, the related technologies of medical instruments are changing with each passing day. Nano-mechanical components, wear-on-use chemical sensors, and home health care application medical devices have become representative products of future medical instruments. The United States’ forward-looking technology has developed a small, portable, chemical sensor that can be worn like a badge. The main structure of this kind of chemical sensor is very precise, including an ultra-fine gold backsheet with nano-scale wrinkles, and the surface of the gold negative film is covered with a spotted chemical receiver covered with ultra-thin liquid crystals. Can be used in multiple applications, including military, medical, food and industrial safety applications. Its most rare technology is to focus all technologies on small, personal products such as patches or badges. In addition to the detection of proteins produced by specific cancers, this miniaturized sensor can also detect the efficacy of clinical trials of drugs. It is a kind of detector that can identify proteins and have instant sensing function. In the direction of miniaturization, medical instruments will also focus on the development of medical optical instruments, ultrasonic imaging instruments using digital imaging, high-end black-and-white ultra, color ultrasound, and color ultrasound transducers as key technologies for R&D, X-ray image processing systems, and open systems. Superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance system and other large medical instruments and clinical information systems, high-energy intelligent tumor treatment of large-scale instrument systems.

(6) Sensors Since the 1980s, a number of new sensors and new functional materials have been researched and developed using modern science and technology in the world. Due to the introduction of advanced processing technologies such as microfabrication technology and modern integration technology in manufacturing, sensor technology has been rapidly developed. Currently, the new sensors include optical fibers, solid-state images, infrared, biological, robotic, gas, humidity, amorphous alloys, smart, microwave, and other new sensors (such as superconducting, liquid crystal, radiation, and acoustic sensors).

Its main research and development direction has the following aspects:

Discover new phenomena, develop new materials, and adopt new processes. The discovery of new phenomena such as physical phenomena, chemical reactions and biological effects is the basis for discovering new types of sensors. Functional materials are another important foundation for the development of new sensors. For example, controlling the composition of semiconductor oxides, various gas sensors can be manufactured; optical fibers are a major discovery of sensor functional materials; organic materials, as functional materials, are attracting great attention from scientists at home and abroad. The sensor's sensitive components are not only determined by their functional materials, but also related to their processing technology. Many modern advanced technologies have been introduced into sensor manufacturing technologies such as integration, ion implantation, and Thin Film technologies.

Research multifunctional integrated sensors and smart sensors. The multifunctional integrated sensor is a sensor that integrates multiple functional sensors or multiple sensors with the same function. The smart sensor is a sensor with a microcomputer that has the functions of detection, judgment, and information processing. It can determine the working status of the sensor, correct the data, solve the hard-to-solve problems with the software, and complete the data calculation and processing.

Research bionic sensors. Bionic sensors are sensors that mimic human sensory organs, namely, sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and the like. At present, only visual sensors and tactile sensors are better solved, and others are far from meeting the needs of robotic technology development.

3 Conclusion Throughout the development of instrumentation, the development direction of high-precision, precision, and cutting-edge development, as well as the characteristics of miniaturization, integration, intelligence, systematization, and multi-functionalization, etc., have also been demonstrated. Different applications also have different development directions. In the future research, design and use of the instrument, we should promote the healthy and rapid development of instrumentation in China according to its characteristics and development trends.