Precautionary measures for environmental pollution problems (salt mines)
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2) During the drying process of salt production, a large amount of exhaust gas is discharged, which mainly contains salt dust and calcium sulfate dust. Most of the salt and dust exhaust gas purification adopts the wet method, that is, the water (or other liquid) is used to wet the materials to reduce the dust emission. This is a simple, economical and effective dustproof measure. At the salt plant's boiling dry exhaust gas outlet, a device for washing the exhaust gas, the scrubber, is generally installed. In order to achieve the purpose of complete washing, a cyclone can be installed before the wet scrubber to form a two-pole dust removal. The dust removal efficiency of the wet exhaust scrubber is over 95%; in the clean air after washing, the total suspended particulates ≤ 1.00 mg/m 3 (the volume under standard conditions) can reach the “atmospheric standard level 2†and meet the discharge standard.
3) Treatment method of salt water. 1 evaporator steam condensate, because the I effect evaporator heating tube mostly uses corrosion-resistant steel, corrosion resistance is good, so its condensed water is not contaminated by Cl - , can be returned to the power station for soft water use. The Cl - content in the II, III and IV condensed water is lower than that of tap water, and can be used as domestic water and workshop washing water. After use, it is discarded through the drainage system. 2 DC water and cooling water for air blowers, centrifuges, air compressors, etc., can be recycled, and can also be used as water injection in brine wells. 3 Leakage brine or flushing water from salt making equipment and pumps can be transported to the pool through the open channel and then pumped to the mine for water injection into the brine well. 4 The evaporator washes the tank water and sets it in a storage tank for salt or recycling. When the sodium chloride content reaches a certain concentration, it can be used as a raw material brine. 5 boiling dry dusting washing water, when its sodium chloride content reaches a certain concentration, it can be sent to the evaporation tank to evaporate and recover salt. 6IV effect secondary steam condensate, its Cl - content is only slightly higher than the river water, after cooling can be discharged into the water outside the stream. 7 The acidic or alkaline solution used in the evaporator washes the tank water, concentrates it in the neutralization tank, and after controlling the pH value, it can be discarded. 8 indoor workshop equipment and ground flushing water, which can be used as salt gypsum washing or salt water after clarification, and can also be used as water injection in brine wells.
4) Thermal power plant wastewater treatment method. 1 The waste liquid discharged from the water bath type dust remover is flushed into the sedimentation tank of the ash tank through the ash ditch, and the ash water overflows into the filter tank, and then flows to the clear water tank after filtration, and the water can be recycled. 2 Acidic or alkaline wastewater discharged by chemical water treatment and brine treatment: firstly discharged into the neutralization tank for treatment, the pH value is between 7 and 8.5, and the sedimentation treatment is carried out to meet the requirements of the “Environmental Pollutant Discharge Standardâ€. The water quality requirements for the third pollutant discharge standard in the three types of waters can be discarded. 3 Boiler sewage: first preheat the soft water to recover heat; then concentrate it in the wastewater pool and pump it to the mine for water injection.
5) Salt plant (mine) waste residue treatment method. There are two types of waste slag treatment methods: one is processed into some industrial raw materials through simple process treatment; the other is that waste slag that cannot or temporarily cannot be used is piled up in appropriate ravine wasteland. The salt mother liquor using natural brine as raw material is an important raw material for the production of salt chemical products and should be comprehensively utilized. Due to the large amount of fly ash in the waste residue, countries are studying to find a variety of ways to use; China's fly ash is currently only used in small amounts in building materials and agriculture.
6) Basic methods for noise control in salt industry (mine). 1 In the thermal power station and the main control room of the salt production equipment, double-glazed sound insulation is used to avoid noise interference from steam turbines and pump groups. 2 Add a noise reduction device to the steam exhaust port to reduce the noise interference to the surrounding environment. 3 For noise sources such as blowers, air compressors, and induced draft fans, special rooms can be set up and wall isolation can be used to control the emission of noise. 4 Use a low speed pump to reduce noise.
7) Precautionary measures for environmental geological problems of rock salt deposits and underground brine mining. 1 Water pollution and prevention of surface soil salinization. It is necessary to ensure the quality of the cementing of the brine wells, otherwise it will lead to leakage of brine, which will damage underground resources and easily cause groundwater pollution and salinization of surface soil. To this end, it is necessary to strictly control the mining layer to be below the minimum safe depth. The light halogen should be recycled. In the process of establishing the system for brine extraction and salt production, a corresponding separation system shall be established accordingly to timely separate and recycle the useful components in the brine; the harmful impurities and industrial wastewater shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the environmental protection department. Purification treatment. 2 Prevention of ground subsidence. First of all, the exploitation mining area should be selected away from the railway, reservoirs, rivers, densely populated areas. Construction of high-rise buildings should be avoided within the mining area. For the shallow rock salt ore layer to be mined, the safety pillars should be left between the mine sections to support the roof. In the process of water-soluble mining, it is necessary to strictly control the mining height and the span of the solution cavity, that is, to control the goaf range and not to communicate in a large area. The morphology of the cavity was measured periodically using ground geophysical methods. For multi-layer salt mines, the process of bottom-up layer mining should be adopted. For the original exploration drilling and salt mining waste wells, it should be properly closed to avoid damage to the mineral layer, pollution of groundwater resources, and even the consequences of sinking the ground. An environmental monitoring station should be set up within the mining area, with special personnel to carry out this work: regular water quality analysis, soil quality analysis, groundwater level observation, and equipped with special equipment, irregularly measure the data of land subsidence, movement and ground stress, to prevent Before it happened.
8) Prevention and control measures for wind and sand disasters in lake salt deposits: China's lake salt deposits are mostly in arid-semi-arid deserts, windy and low-lying areas. Wind-blown disasters will inundate salt lakes and polluted salt; seasonal flood disasters include: dissolution and destruction of salt deposits, increase of insolubles and harmful components, large amounts of sediment and other debris deposited on the lake, washed away salt and salt roads Wait. Both kinds of disasters will seriously affect production, so it is necessary to take preventive measures.
The prevention and control measures for wind-blown disasters include: soil-buried sand dunes, winter-sanded sand dunes, clay sand barriers, high-rise sand barriers, semi-concealed grass sand barriers, as well as afforestation, grass breeding, and sand fixation.
The main measures for prevention and control of flood disasters are: construction of flood control dams, construction of soil and water conservation forests, and renovation of silt beaches.
9) Measures for the loss of salt and brine to pollute the environment: 1 When the salt mine is drilled with clean water as the well washing fluid, the drill cuttings should be properly treated after flushing; if the mud is drilled, it is better to use no chemical damage to the farmland. The mud that has passed through, or the purification of the well washing liquid, is discharged after meeting the national emission standards. 2 In the oil pad mining process, the separation of oil and water needs to consider the recycling and storage of light halogen. 3 For the halogen, halogen storage equipment and pipelines, the installation quality should be strictly guaranteed, and regular inspection and timely maintenance should be carried out to prevent the running, dripping, dripping and leakage of brine.